With a basic understanding of the hardware architecture of the Telematics Control Unit, in this article we will delve into the TCU software Architecture, it's functional Blocks and challenges associated during the TCU design and a brief of our telematics solutions and services offerings.
Software Architecture of Telematics Control Unit
The software architecture of the Telematics Control Unit is as crucial as its hardware counterpart, as it enables efficient data processing, real-time communication, and secure connectivity. The software stack in the TCU could be based on AUTOSAR or not, as decided by the OEM. While the AUTOSAR architecture makes software development easier and portable, the higher cost and skill set required may be a stopper for smaller players.
With respect to the TCU software Architecture, as with any well-designed software, modules are typically placed on one of base HAL layer, middleware and higher application layer. The base HAL layer (BSW or base software) implements and manages the device drivers for each physical interface present. The middleware implements the core functionality such as IVN communication, file system storage, configuration access, protocols etc. The higher application level implements the business logic associated with the TCU.
Functional TCU software Architecture
On the functional front, the below block diagram captures the TCU functionality. The input from various vehicle systems or ECUs is obtained from the IVN interface such as CAN, Ethernet, or LIN. The TCU also has data available from its local sensors. These data are fed to a pre-processing module that validates the same, removes redundant information and sends only the necessary part to data processor. Data processing modules handle tasks like data filtering, aggregation, and analysis, transforming raw data into meaningful insights. This is in turn sent to a store and forward mechanism. This mechanism is essentially a storage backed queue that uses local non-volatile storage to save the incoming data so that nothing is lost when there is a unexpected shutdown. It also facilitates network batching to better utilize the cellular data network.
From this queue, the data is sent to the Telematics server via one of the wireless connectivity. Multiple protocols such as MQTT, HTTPS and even in some cases FTPS are used to send the data to the cloud.
Similarly on ingress, the data coming from the cloud is processed by a command processor. These essentially are commands that are expected to be executed by the TCU such as updating the firmware of ECUs, immobilizing the vehicle etc. This may trigger further sequence of operations like file downloads.
The TCUs may provide a mobile based or debug port-based user interface (graphical or command-line interface) for users to interact with the TCU, configure settings, and access various features and services.The TCU software Architecture should be designed to be modular, scalable, and extensible, allowing for easy integration with different vehicle platforms and future software updates.
Design Considerations for telematics solutions
The design of the telematics solutions, especially the Telematics Control Unit, requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and security. One crucial aspect is the selection of hardware components that meet the required specifications and industry standards. The chosen components should have the necessary processing power, memory capacity, and communication capabilities to handle the intended functionalities of the TCU.
Another important consideration is the power consumption of the Telematics Control Unit. Since the TCU is typically connected to the vehicle's battery, it is essential to design the hardware and software in a way that minimizes energy consumption. This includes using power-efficient components, implementing sleep modes when the TCU is idle, and optimizing software algorithms for minimal resource utilization. With multi-core MCUs being used for TCUs this has become quite a challenge nowadays.
Security is also a paramount concern when designing telematics solutions. The TCU handles sensitive data and communicates with external systems, making it a potential target for cyber-attacks. Implementing robust security measures, such as encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection systems, helps safeguard against unauthorized access and data breaches. It is important to incorporate secure elements, perform mutual authentication between TCU and Telematics server for increases security. It is essential to adopt TLS 1.3 version of secured communication.
Furthermore, the design of the Telematics Control Unit should consider the physical constraints of the vehicle, such as available space, temperature variations, and vibration. The TCU should be compact, rugged, and capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions, ensuring its longevity and reliability.
The data bandwidth both inside the system and to the cloud should be limited. Modern vehicles churn out a very large amount of data that sending most of them will put a huge strain on the system. So only the minimal possible data to be sent on to the cloud consuming lower cellular bandwidth.
With FOTA update becoming a mandatory feature, telematics solutions must support the feature with the necessary amount of device memory and security in the TCU.
Embien's Expertise in TCU Design
As a leading provider of automotive solutions, Embien has extensive expertise in the design and development of Telematics Control Units. Our team of engineers has contributed to turnkey TCU development as well as adding critical components to existing TCU designs. With focus on functionality, reliability, and security in every aspect of our design, our services has been a valuable contribution to OEMs across the globe.
With a deep understanding of hardware and software integration, we deliver TCUs that seamlessly communicate with other vehicle systems, external networks, and cloud-based platforms. Our designs are devised to handle large volumes of data, process complex algorithms, and ensure secure connectivity in diverse environments. We also provide customized services, helping our customers to tailor their existing TCU functionalities according to trending needs and use cases.
Whether it's for fleet management, connected car services, or advanced driver assistance systems, our TCU designs are built to deliver exceptional performance and enhance the overall driving experience. With our expertise, you can stay at the forefront of automotive technology and leverage the power of Telematics Control Units to unlock new possibilities.
Conclusion
The Telematics Control Unit is a game-changing technology that brings vehicles into the digital age. Its powerful hardware and software architecture enable seamless communication, data processing, and connectivity, empowering vehicles with advanced features and functionalities. From remote diagnostics and over-the-air software updates to real-time tracking and intelligent traffic management, the TCU is revolutionizing the automotive industry.
As the Telematics Control Unit continues to evolve, it opens up new opportunities for innovation and transformation. Connected ecosystems, autonomous driving, and smart cities are just some of the exciting prospects that TCUs enable. With our expertise in TCU design, we are committed to delivering cutting-edge telematics solutions and driving the automotive industry forward.
To learn more about our TCU design services including TCU software Architecture development and how they can benefit your business, please reach out to us today. Together, we can unlock the full potential of this important ECU and shape the future of smart mobility.
